ISOMERISM : STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL ACTIVITY
ISOMERISM: Isomerism refers to the situation involving compounds of the same formula but differ in structure or spatial orientation. Therefore,
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE
Structure and Nomenclature The structure and formula of functional groups consist of a fixed number of elements and a specific
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Refer to organic reaction mechanisms COMMON RADICAL INIATORS: UV light, Br2, Cl2, I2, SmI2, O2(triplet) , etc. RADICAL INIATORS: UV
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Electrocyclic reactions: Electrocyclic reactions are intramolecular reversible reactions involving a single starting compound in which electrons are simultaneously exchanged between
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A covalent single bond is made of a SHARED pair of electrons. This can be represented in many different forms
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Quantum chem H and E where H is Hamiltonian constant and E is energy in joules. H ψ = E
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ACIDS , BASES , SALTS , BUFFER SOLUTIONS, pH and pI
Salts, Acids , Bases and Buffers and pH There are several ways to define an acid ,base or salt .
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Electrochemistry Electrons flowing from one end to another generates a current. Chemical reactions that involve redox reactions can be separated
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EQUILIBRIA REACTIONS Reversible reactions occur in which reactants change to products while products convert back to form reactants. Reversible reactions
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A mixture consists of two or more entities placed evenly mixed together. Solute is present in smaller quantity. Solvent is
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